STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE FEMALE CANINE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT
The female canine reproductive tract consists of the female genital organs including the ovaries, uterus, vagina, vulva, and mammary glands.

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE MALE CANINE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT
The male canine reproductive tract consists of the male genital organs including the scrotum, the two testes, the epididymides, the deferent ducts, the spermatic cords, the prostate, the penis and the urethra. 

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE MAMMARY SYSTEM
The mammary system is comprised of the mammary glands or breasts and is present in all mammals. In males, mammary glands exist in a rudimentary state.

GENETICS OF COAT COLOR IN DOGS
A review of the genes controlling dog coat colors and patterns

CANINE COLOUR GENETICS
A terrific selection of links to sites relating to colour genetics of almost every breed!

COAT COLOR PREDICTOR SOFTWARE (FREE!)
Free Windows software that can model the genetics of some 70+ congenital defects where the mode of inheritance is known, such as PRA (both forms), CEA and many others compute the expressed color/pattern that will result from a given genotype predict the color/patterns that will result from a mating between given genotypes, along with carried color/patterns and the probable percentages of each includes separate genetic configurations for some 50+ of the more popular breeds...

COAT COLORS - BLACK VERSUS RED
Interesting reading!

COAT COLORS - DILUTION, SILVER & WHITE
This article is very well explained and well worth the read.

COAT COLOR & PATTERNS
Brindle, Black Mask, Merle, Spotted, Ticked and Agouti Patterns explained.

COAT COLOR GENES
Scientific, from the International Federation of Pigment Cells Society

COAT COLOR GENETICS (Murine)
Summaries of cloned coat color genes, and non-clones coat color genes....

CANINE COLOR GENETICS LINKS
Extensive list of links which may be of interest to the coat color hobbyist.

CANINE COAT AND NOSE COLOR TESTING
Introducing a New Innovative DNA Test from HealthGene 

TESTING FOR CANINE GENETIC DISORDER MADE EASY
How is genetic information passed from one generation to another? Where is this genetic information stored? Why do different breeds have different mutations for the same disease?

AFGHAN HOUND COAT COLORS AND DNA TESTS
A brief explanation of how currently available DNA tests can help predict some coat colors

INBREEDING & LINE BREEDING
The layman's introduction to Breeding Coefficient "with charts".

INBREEDING & OTHER BREEDING METHODS
Easy to understand article.

INBREEDING DEPRESSION AND OUTBREEDING DEPRESSION
By Michael Lynch, Department of Biology, University of Oregon

IT'S ALL IN THE GENES
Dogs can inherit more than pretty looks from their Moms and Dads!

GENETICS...AN INTRODUCTION
Our eyes tell us what a dog appears to be. His pedigree tells us what he ought to be. But the offspring tell us what he is! ..by Nan Weitzman.

THE GENETIC CUL-DE-SAC
Dogs as an endangered species.

FINDING THE GENES THAT DETERMINE CANINE BEHAVIOR
How scientists working on the Dog Genome Initiative are going about trying to identify genes that determine behavior or inherited diseases in dogs.

GENETICS OF DEAFNESS IN DOGS
By Dr. George M. Strain.

ELIMINATING GENETIC DISEASES IN DOGS
A Buyers Perspective ...  by Gary F. Mason.

ACHIEVING GENETIC HEALTH FOR OUR DOGS
Purebred Dog Breeds into the Twenty-First Century by Jeffrey Bragg.

CANINE COLOUR GENETICS
Very important reading for those interested in colors and the why's and wherefores!

ANIMAL GENETICS
How genes work, dominant, incompletely dominant and recessive genes, breeding probabilities, Punnett squares, etc.

GENETIC TESTING: A GUIDE FOR BREEDERS
Fantastic article, by Mary Whiteley, Ph.D.

THE INS AND OUTS OF PEDIGREE ANALYSIS
Including Genetic Diversity & Genetic Disease Control by Dr J Bell, DVM.

THE NATURE OF GENETIC DISEASES
By Dr John Armstrong, on the Working Dogs Web.

INBREEDING CO-EFFICIENTS
Demystifying Inbreeding Coefficients - by John Armstrong

THE GENETIC PEDIGREE
A powerful tool against canine genetic disease - by George G. Packard

AGAINST GENETIC DISEASE
How to select against genetic disease with knowledge, not hope - by George Packard

GENETICS OF COAT COLOR IN DOGS
A brief review of the genes controlling dog coat colors and patterns.

GENETICS OF COAT COLOR IN THE DOG
An excellent update!

ANIMAL GENETICS
By Sue Ann Bowling = a most informative site!

VETERINARY DIAGNOSTICS CENTER - DNA SERVICES FOR ANIMALS
Identify carriers to enhance breed improvement programs and identify parents' color genotype and predict the color of their offspring.

HERITABILITY
Perhaps no term is more misunderstood by dog fanciers when talking about inherited characteristics and environmental effects than the concept of heritability - by Fred Lanting

THE NATURE OF GENETIC DISEASE
Inborn Errors of Metabolism: The true "genetic diseases" - by John Armstrong

BASIC GENETIC CONCEPTS
Just how much of a role does genetics play in health, general conformation and temperament?

BREEDING SCHEMES
Breeders often talk about inbreeding and outcrossing as though they were the only possibilities -- and generally with negative comments about the latter.

CANINE GENETIC PRIMER
The purpose of this article is to provide a mini-course in genetics

GENETICS CAN BE FUN
A series of seven articles by By Dr. Bruce M Cattanach

A GLOSSARY OF GENETIC TERMS
Complete and easy to understand.

THE IMPORTANCE OF COMPLETE PEDIGREES
By Leos Kral

BREEDING - DOGS OR PEDIGREES
It is estimated that the average dog carries 4 to 7 defective genes in it's DNA......

D.N.A. TESTS CURRENTLY AVAILABLE
(USA) - includes approximate costs etc.

CONTROLLING GENETIC DISEASES
An Online article by © Karen Thayne

CANINE REPRODUCTION SEMINAR
Timing the fertile period of the bitch, selecting a healthy stud dog, and fresh chilled semen breedings....

HERITABILITY
Heritability is a statistic used to evaluate animals and to predict response to selective breeding....

BUILDING YOUR PEDIGREE FOR IMPROVEMENT IN PUREBRED STOCK
By Melissa E. Parsley, Parsley Glen

SOME THOUGHTS ON THE HISTORY OF ANIMAL BREEDING
A very thought provoking article by Dr. Hellmuth Wachtel

THE UNDERLYING GENETICS OF TRAITS
In genetics, a trait is the visible or measurable expression of one or more genes.

HOW TRAITS ARE PASSED ON
Very descriptive!

IS APPEARANCE CONTROLLED BY THE GENES?
Explanation of Dominant and Recessive Traits

INBREEDING & OTHER BREEDING METHODS
Easy to understand article.

THE INS AND OUTS OF PEDIGREE ANALYSIS
Including Genetic Diversity & Genetic Disease Control by Dr J Bell, DVM.

INBREEDING CO-EFFICIENTS
Demystifying Inbreeding Coefficients - by John Armstrong

THE DOWNSIDE OF INBREEDING: IT’S TIME FOR A NEW APPROACH
Inbreeding was once a valuable tool in shaping today’s breeds. As these have now reached a high degree of homogeneity, it has lost its importance and turned into a fatal and disastrous habit....

BREEDING SCHEMES
Breeders often talk about inbreeding and outcrossing as though they were the only possibilities -- and generally with negative comments about the latter.

THE IMPORTANCE OF COMPLETE PEDIGREES
Wonderful article by Leos Kral

BREEDING - DOGS OR PEDIGREES
It is estimated that the average dog carries 4 to 7 defective genes in it's DNA......

COMMON PROBLEMS FACED BY THE BREEDER
Very well written and informative.

HOW TO WIN AT GENETIC JEOPARDY!
Are you stumped by the genetic terms used by your breeding club or veterinarian? Here’s a cheat sheet to help you learn the lingo.

CONTROL OF GENETIC DISEASE
By Dr. George A. Padgett, DVM.

BREAKING THE CANINE GENETIC CODE
Scientists work to build a genetic map

PRIORITIZING GENETIC DEFECTS
Excellent article by George A. Padgett, DVM

SELECT AGAINST GENETIC DISEASE WITH KNOWLEDGE, NOT HOPE
If you are breeding dogs, and you aren't worried about genetic disease, you'd better hold off on that next mating until you've done your homework.

DNA SMOKESCREEN
Controversial? Yes. But undeniable common sense for top Breeders.

GENE SCIENCE YOU DON’T WANT TO KNOW ABOUT
Larry Morningstar documents an incredible calendar of calamities 

A BRAVE NEW WORLD
One of the best and most understandable genetics articles.

PERSPECTIVES
A mini-course in applied genetics and our approach to health concerns.

PAINTING THE GENE BANK
A realistic look at genetic testing. If you're a newbie, take valium before reading

GUIDE TO CONGENITAL AND HERITABLE DISORDERS IN DOGS
Includes Genetic Predisposition to Diseases

THE NATURE OF GENETIC DISEASE
Inborn errors of metabolism: the true genetic "diseases"

ARE WE HELPING OR HURTING PUREBREDS?
How many times have we, as purebred dog fanciers, heard someone say “ mutts are smarter”, or “mutts are healthier”? We scoff and disregard such comments, but there may be a kernel of truth to them.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF GENETICS:
An Introduction to Mendelian Genetics

ELIMINATING GENETIC DISEASES IN DOGS: A BUYER'S PERSPECTIVE
We have learned the hard way that "having papers" means very little, if anything, about the genetic health of a purebred dog.

CONTROLLING GENETIC DISEASES
When a genetic disease appears in our dog breeds we consider why it happened, what can be done to control its spread and how to keep future generations free from affectation. In order to understand what is happening when a genetic "epidemic" appears we need to acquire a little knowledge about the basics of population genetics.

GENETIC PROBLEMS EASILY CORRECTED
Words of Wisdom for all breeders. Otherwise, we're kidding ourselves - by Deborah J. Hays

CANINE REPRODUCTIVE DISEASES ARE RARE
For today's serious breeder of purebred dogs, there is an amazing variety of reproductive diseases and problems that can occur

SCIENCE VS GOOD SENSE IN DOG BREEDING
The basic task for Natural Science is to study nature, understand and explain it, and that way draw conclusions on how to influence and control it.

BAD GENES, BABIES AND BATH WATER
Everyone has heard the phrase, "Don’t throw out the baby with the bath water." But do dog breeders ever stop to consider how this admonition applies to them?

PLAYING COI: USING INBREEDING COEFFICIENTS
Breeding dogs is a numbers game. Even though math problems are the last thing on your mind, what you are doing when you breed is calculating the best odds for getting a desired result.

ANIMAL GENETICS: BASIC GENETICS
The basis for order in life lies in a very large molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid, mercifully abbreviated to DNA. A related molecule, ribonucleic acid (RNA) provides the genetic material for some microbes, and also helps read the DNA to make proteins.

POPULATION GENETICS: RANDOM BREEDING
Ordinary genetics looks at how one selects breeding stock to produce the best possible offspring. Population genetics looks at the statistical distribution of genes in a particular breeding population, such as a breed of dog, and how different kinds of selection can affect that gene distribution.

INBREEDING AND LINEBREEDING
What are inbreeding and line-breeding, and what effect do they have?

BREEDING SYSTEMS
In-Breeding, Line-Breeding, Out-Breeding, Out-Crossing explained

THE GENETIC GAMBLE
When a breeder learns a top brood bitch is a carrier of a genetic disease, it can be devastating to a breeding program.

THE BREEDERS CODE OF SILENCE
A "must read" article by Sierra Milton

POPULATION GENETICS
Knowledge of population genetics and how it applies to purebreds, is a key to understanding the limitations of dog breeding. Population genetics is simply the study of how genes work within a population.

A NEW AGE: VETERINARY MOLECULAR GENETICS
With the recent availability of molecular markers for the canine genome, and the ongoing work to develop a comprehensive canine genetic map, we are at the beginnings of a revolution in canine health care.

DETERMINING CANINE PREGNANCY FAILURE
Determining the cause of pregnancy loss ... diagnostic procedures in aborting bitch.

CANINE ABORTION
Abortion is uncommon in the bitch, but when it does occur, owners should be aware of the treatment options and the prognosis for future fertility.

CURRENT TECHNIQUES IN BREEDING MANAGEMENT
Similar to the classic real estate axiom, when it comes to breeding, the three most important points are "Timing, Timing, Timing".

DETERMINING CANINE PREGNANCY FAILURE
Determining the cause of pregnancy loss ... diagnostic procedures in aborting bitch.

INFECTIOUS AGENTS THAT AFFECT FERTILITY/PREGNANCY
If you have lost puppies to the "fading puppy syndrome" or had weak, lethargic pups then I hope this subject will benefit you.

CURRENT TECHNIQUES IN BREEDING MANAGEMENT
Similar to the classic real estate axiom, when it comes to breeding, the three most important points are "Timing, Timing, Timing".

GUIDE TO CONGENITAL AND HERITABLE DISORDERS IN DOGS
An invaluable tool for all breeders.

PEDIGREES
More to it than meets the eye

GENETIC DISEASE
How to select against genetic disease with knowledge, not hope 

DEMYSTIFYING INBREEDING COEFFICIENTS
While most breeders recognize that a mating between half-sibs or cousins represents inbreeding, the majority probably have no idea which represents the closer inbreeding.

PLACENTATION IN DOGS AND CATS
Implantation, Gross Structure of the Placenta, Microscopic Structure of the Placenta, Placental Endocrinology etc. Excellent!